Uninsured & Hit-and-Run Accidents in Romania — How to Claim Compensation from BAAR [2026 Complete Guide]
The Problem in Numbers
One in four vehicles circulating on Romanian roads has no valid compulsory insurance. That translates into approximately 2.4 million cars, vans and trucks operating daily without RCA coverage — the highest uninsured-vehicle ratio in the European Union. Simultaneously, Romania records 67 road deaths per million inhabitants, 52 percent above the EU average.
The convergence of these two facts produces a predictable consequence: thousands of victims each year discover, in the aftermath of an accident, that the at-fault driver carries no insurance policy whatsoever — or worse, that the driver abandoned the scene and remains unidentified entirely.
Romanian law anticipated this gap. Articles 32 through 35 of Law 132/2017 impose on BAAR — Biroul Asigurătorilor de Autovehicule din România, the Bureau of Motor Vehicle Insurers — the obligation to compensate victims of uninsured and unidentified vehicles on identical terms to those that would apply had the driver been insured. The compensation ceilings, the trauma-score methodology, and the penalty regime are precisely the same.
This guide explains, in practitioner detail, how to pursue and maximise a claim against BAAR.
Legislative Architecture
Four instruments form the operative framework. They interlock and must be read together.
Law 132/2017 on compulsory motor third-party liability insurance. Articles 32–35 establish BAAR's guarantee function. Article 32 identifies the triggering scenarios. Article 33 defines the compensation limits. Article 34 regulates the claims-handling procedure and incorporates the same 30-day response obligation and 0.2-percent-per-day penalty applicable to conventional RCA insurers. Article 35 grants BAAR a statutory right of personal recovery (recurs) against the uninsured driver.
FSA Norm 20/2017 — the Financial Supervisory Authority's implementing regulation. Article 29 obliges BAAR to forward its compensation offer under the same procedural standards as any licensed insurer. Articles 16–17 set out documentation requirements.
Law 202/2025 — published on 3 December 2025 in the Official Gazette. This reform removes the former RON 500,000 cap on Guarantee Fund (FGA) payments, introduces a 3-month mandatory response period for FGA, and establishes a government-loan backstop. Its relevance here is that claims involving bankrupt insurers (CITY Insurance, Euroins Romania) now follow closely analogous timelines and limits.
Order ASF/MS 1/2.293/2022 — the joint order of the Financial Supervisory Authority and the Ministry of Health introducing the standardised trauma-score system for moral-damage quantification. This order applies identically whether the claim is against an insurer, BAAR, or FGA.
Call 112. Police attendance is mandatory for any bodily injury. Photograph the scene, vehicles, injuries, licence plates. Collect witness contacts. If the driver fled — note direction, vehicle colour, any partial plate info.
Search the at‑fault vehicle on aida.info.ro/en/polite-rca. If "No active policy" appears → BAAR is liable. Print/screenshot the result as proof. For hit‑and‑run with no plate, skip this step.
Visit ER immediately. Obtain the medico‑legal certificate (IML). Once stabilised, request a trauma‑score assessment from an accredited evaluator (Order ASF/MS 1/2.293/2022). Each point = RON 8,100 (Jan‑Jun) or RON 8,650 (Jul‑Dec 2026).
Submit a detailed written claim to fpvs@baar.ro AND by registered mail (Str. Occidentului nr. 10, Sector 1, Bucharest). For claims > EUR 100,000, add a bailiff notification. Include a reservation clause to supplement the claim later.
BAAR must issue a written offer or a reasoned refusal within 30 days of receiving a complete file. After day 31, a penalty of 0.2 % per day accrues on the claimed amount (Art. 21 Law 132/2017). If BAAR is silent, the full amount is owed plus penalties.
If BAAR refuses or under‑offers, file a civil action: Tribunal (claims < RON 1 M) or Court of Appeal (≥ RON 1 M). Request judicial expert report for trauma score. Court typically awards higher amounts + 0.2 %/day penalties + legal interest. BAAR bears court costs if you prevail.
When BAAR Is the Responsible Entity
BAAR's guarantee obligation is triggered in precisely defined circumstances. It is essential to identify the correct scenario before filing, because submitting to the wrong entity produces delay rather than compensation.
Scenario A — The At-Fault Vehicle Is Identified but Uninsured
The licence plate is known. You enter it into the AIDA database — aida.info.ro — and the system confirms that no valid RCA policy exists for that vehicle on the date of the accident. Both bodily-injury and property-damage claims are admissible. BAAR steps into the position that the insurer would have occupied had a policy existed.
Scenario B — The At-Fault Driver Is Unidentified (Hit-and-Run)
The driver fled the scene. No licence plate was captured. The police report records the incident as involving an unidentified vehicle. BAAR compensates bodily injury and death. Property-damage-only claims are excluded — a deliberate legislative choice to contain moral hazard and fraud risk.
There is a narrow exception: if the accident caused serious bodily injury, BAAR will additionally compensate property damage even if the driver remains unidentified. Serious bodily injury means the victim required more than 90 days of medical care, as certified by the Institute of Forensic Medicine.
Scenario C — Foreign-Plated Vehicle (Green Card System)
A vehicle registered in another Green Card system country caused the accident in Romania. BAAR acts as the handling bureau under the international Green Card agreement. It receives the claim, pays the victim locally, and then recovers inter-bureau. The deadline structure is slightly different: the foreign bureau has 2 months to confirm or deny coverage; if it fails to respond, BAAR proceeds to handle the claim definitively.
Scenario D — Insolvent Insurer (Redirected to FGA, Not BAAR)
The at-fault driver held valid RCA at the time of the accident, but the insurer has since entered bankruptcy. This is not a BAAR claim. It belongs to FGA. The most significant current cases are CITY Insurance (licence revoked September 2021) and Euroins Romania (licence revoked March 2023). Combined, these two failures have generated over 502,000 claims and RON 2.6 billion in FGA disbursements through December 2024. This guide treats FGA in a separate section below, because the procedural pathway — though similar in principle — differs in its response timeline and the applicable reform legislation.
Check on AIDA database →
Deadline to respond: 30 days · Penalty: 0.2 %/day
Limits: EUR 6.45 M (bodily) · EUR 1.3 M (property)
Response: 3 months · Payment: 3 months after approval
No cap since Law 202/2025 · Website: fga.ro
Exception: If you also suffered serious bodily injury requiring >90 days of medical care, property damage may be included.
You may still file a criminal complaint for property destruction (Art. 253 Criminal Code).
Deadline: 30 days · Penalty: 0.2 %/day
Limits: EUR 6.45 M (bodily) · EUR 1.3 M (property)
Email: fpvs@baar.ro
Deadline: 30 days · Penalty: 0.2 %/day
Limits: EUR 6.45 M per event
Property damage: included only if injury requires >90 days of care.
Foreign bureau has 2 months to respond before BAAR takes over.
Limits: Same as Romanian RCA — EUR 6.45 M / EUR 1.3 M
Attach: Green Card copy or foreign plate number.
How to Verify Insurance Status Before Filing
Before directing a claim to BAAR, you must confirm the absence of valid insurance. This is not merely advisable — filing with the wrong entity triggers a re-routing that can consume 30 to 60 days.
The official verification tool is the AIDA database, owned and operated by BAAR. It is accessible in English at aida.info.ro/en/polite-rca. Enter either the licence plate number or the VIN (chassis number). The system returns the insurer's name, policy number, and start/end dates of coverage. If the query yields no valid policy covering the accident date, the vehicle is formally uninsured and BAAR's guarantee function is engaged.
For hit-and-run cases where the licence plate is unknown, this step is inapplicable. Proceed directly to BAAR with the police report as the foundational document.
We maintain a free verification tool on our website — mihaiattorneys.com/anaf-company-verification — that can complement the AIDA check with additional corporate and fiscal data about the vehicle's registered owner.
Evidence Strategy: What BAAR Requires and What Courts Expect
BAAR applies the same evidentiary standard as any RCA insurer: the victim must prove the accident occurred, that the at-fault vehicle is uninsured or unidentified, the causal link between the accident and the injury, and the quantum of damages. The claims handler will scrutinise the file with the same rigour a commercial insurer would apply — and will reject or under-value claims where the evidence is thin.
Tier 1 — Scene evidence (first 24 hours)
The police report is indispensable. For bodily-injury accidents and hit-and-run incidents, police attendance is mandatory — call 112 immediately. The report (proces-verbal) must identify the circumstances, the vehicles involved, confirm injuries, and — critically — state that the at-fault driver is either uninsured or unidentified.
Photographs are the second pillar: all vehicles from every angle, road surface, skid marks, traffic signs, weather conditions, debris patterns, and visible injuries. Time-stamped images from a mobile phone are accepted.
Dashcam footage increasingly determines the outcome of disputed-liability claims. If your vehicle is equipped with a dashcam, preserve the SD card in its original state before any data is overwritten.
Witness contact details — name, phone number, brief written statement — provide corroboration that may prove decisive months later in court.
Tier 2 — Medical evidence (first 72 hours to 6 months)
The emergency-room admission report, imaging studies (X-ray, CT, MRI), and surgical records establish the initial injury.
The medico-legal certificate (certificat medico-legal), issued by the Institute of Forensic Medicine (IML), classifies the injury by the number of days of medical care required. This document is essential both for the criminal investigation (if one is pursued) and for the subsequent trauma-score assessment.
The trauma-score assessment report — issued after medical stabilisation by an accredited forensic evaluator — assigns the numerical score (maximum 200 points) that directly determines the moral-damages quantum. Timing matters: a premature assessment, conducted before permanent consequences have crystallised, will undervalue the CPP component and suppress the total compensation.
Tier 3 — Financial evidence (ongoing)
Lost income is proved through salary certificates, employment contracts, tax returns, or — for entrepreneurs — turnover evidence and tax declarations.
Medical expenses require original invoices (or certified copies) for every consultation, procedure, medication, physiotherapy session, and psychological treatment.
Property damage requires either an Audatex evaluation or a repair invoice from an authorised service, supplemented by the vehicle registration certificate and the AIDA printout confirming uninsured status.
Filing the Claim: Procedure, Address, and Required Contents
Recipient entity:
BAAR — Fondul de Protecție a Victimelor Străzii (FPVS) Email: fpvs@baar.ro Postal address: Str. Occidentului nr. 10, Sector 1, Bucharest, Romania Website: baar.ro/fpvs Email for service of court documents: citatie@baar.ro
Submission method:
The optimal approach is electronic submission via email (PDF attachments) with a simultaneous hard-copy submission via registered post with return receipt (scrisoare recomandată cu confirmare de primire). The electronic copy ensures speed; the postal copy creates incontrovertible proof of delivery date, which is determinative for the penalty-accrual calculation.
For claims exceeding EUR 100,000 in estimated value, we additionally recommend notification through a bailiff (executor judecătoresc), which provides the highest evidentiary standard under Romanian procedural law.
Contents of the claim letter:
The letter must identify you (full name, address, CNP or passport number, contact details), describe the accident (date, time, precise location, circumstances), identify the at-fault vehicle (licence plate, make, model — or a statement that the driver is unidentified), attach the AIDA printout or police report confirming uninsured/unidentified status, itemise the damages claimed (bodily injury, property, lost income), state the total amount claimed (or, if not yet fully quantifiable, reserve the right to supplement), provide your IBAN for payment, and list all attached documents.
A critical inclusion: the express reservation of the right to supplement the claim with additional damages once the trauma-score assessment is completed. This prevents BAAR from arguing that your initial filing constituted a waiver of unclaimed heads of damage.
Language and accessibility:
BAAR processes claims in Romanian. Foreign nationals may submit the claim letter in English, but a Romanian translation (even an informal one) accelerates handling. Supporting medical documents in English, French, or German are generally accepted without certified translation at the administrative stage — though court proceedings will require certified translations.
BAAR's Response Obligations and the Penalty Regime
The deadline structure mirrors that imposed on conventional insurers:
30 calendar days from receipt of the complete file — BAAR must issue either a justified compensation offer or a reasoned written refusal.
0.2 percent per day — if BAAR fails to respond within 30 days, the penalty accrues automatically on the full amount claimed, calculated from day 31 until the date of actual payment. This equates to approximately 73 percent per annum — a punitive rate that creates substantial financial incentive for timely settlement.
10 calendar days — after you accept BAAR's offer in writing, payment must arrive in your account within 10 days.
Partial offer: If BAAR offers less than claimed, you may accept the undisputed portion without prejudicing your right to claim the remainder in court. The acceptance letter must contain an express reservation: "I accept the amount of RON [X] as partial settlement. I reserve the right to pursue the remaining amount of RON [Y] through judicial proceedings."
In practice, BAAR's average processing time for straightforward property-damage claims is 2–4 months. For bodily-injury claims requiring trauma-score assessment, expect 4–8 months. Amounts exceeding RON 200,000 are typically approved only after internal committee review, adding 2–4 additional weeks.
Compensation Amounts — Identical to Standard RCA
BAAR pays precisely the same compensation as a solvent insurer would. There is no discount, no reduced cap, and no limitation unique to the guarantee function. The applicable ceilings are:
Bodily injury and death: EUR 6,450,000 per event (cumulative, regardless of the number of victims).
Property damage: EUR 1,300,000 per event.
Moral damages — trauma-score values for 2026:
January through June 2026 — one trauma point equals RON 8,100 (2 × the gross minimum wage of RON 4,050). Maximum at 200 points: RON 1,620,000 (approximately EUR 326,000).
July through December 2026 — one trauma point equals RON 8,650 (2 × the gross minimum wage of RON 4,325). Maximum at 200 points: RON 1,730,000 (approximately EUR 348,000).
Separately claimable and uncapped: medical costs, surgical fees, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, psychological counselling, lost income (past), loss of earning capacity (future, capitalised), aesthetic damages (Greff/Hodin method), funeral costs, loss of financial support for dependants, replacement vehicle (maximum 30 days), diminished vehicle value.
The Insolvent-Insurer Route: FGA Claims
When the AIDA database shows that a valid RCA policy existed on the accident date, but the insurer has since entered bankruptcy, the claim is directed to FGA — not BAAR.
Key reform — Law 202/2025 (effective December 2025):
The former cap of RON 500,000 per claimant is abolished. FGA now pays up to the full RCA liability limit.
FGA must respond within 3 months of receiving the claim — either approving in full, issuing a partial offer with a reasoned partial rejection, or rejecting entirely with written justification.
If compensation is due, FGA must pay within a further 3 months after its approval or after the claimant's written acceptance of a partial offer.
A government-loan backstop is established: in exceptional circumstances of insufficient FGA resources, the Ministry of Finance must provide loans within 30 days of request.
Late-response penalties and broadened sanctions (up to RON 500,000 for insurers, RON 100,000 for FGA itself) are introduced.
Current scale of the problem (FGA 2024 annual report):
611,646 unique claims registered.
RON 2.6 billion (EUR 520 million) disbursed to date.
200,000+ claims related to CITY Insurance and Euroins Romania remain unresolved.
150,882 claims processed in 2024 alone (up 57% from 2023).
CITY Insurance creditor-table claims: RON 2.17 billion (EUR 436 million).
Euroins creditor-table claims: RON 670 million (EUR 135 million).
Filing address:
FGA — Fondul de Garantare a Asiguraților Website: fga.ro Documentation requirements and procedure are substantively identical to BAAR claims.
Court Litigation Against BAAR
If BAAR denies liability, offers an amount significantly below quantum, or fails to respond entirely within the statutory period, the judicial route is available — and frequently necessary.
Competent court:
Claims valued below RON 1,000,000 — the Tribunal (tribunal) with territorial jurisdiction at the accident location or at the claimant's domicile.
Claims valued at RON 1,000,000 or above — the Court of Appeal as first-instance court.
Final appeal (recurs) lies to the High Court of Cassation and Justice on points of law only.
Court stamp fee (OUG 80/2013 progressive scale):
Up to RON 500: 8 percent (minimum RON 20). RON 501–5,000: RON 40 plus 7 percent of the amount exceeding RON 500. RON 5,001–25,000: RON 355 plus 5 percent of the amount exceeding RON 5,000. RON 25,001–50,000: RON 1,355 plus 3 percent of the amount exceeding RON 25,000. RON 50,001–250,000: RON 2,105 plus 2 percent of the amount exceeding RON 50,000. Over RON 250,000: RON 6,105 plus 1 percent of the amount exceeding RON 250,000.
For a claim of RON 800,000, the stamp fee is RON 11,105. This is recoverable from BAAR if you prevail.
Judicial expert report: This is the single most decisive element of court proceedings. Request it at first instance. The court appoints a forensic medical expert (for bodily-injury valuation) or an auto-damage expert (for property valuation). The expert's report typically takes 4–8 months. New expert reports cannot be requested on appeal — only reasoned objections (obiecțiuni) to the existing report are admissible.
What the court can award:
Full compensation (all heads of damage — moral, material, future losses).
Late-payment penalties of 0.2 percent per day from day 31 after filing.
Legal interest on the compensation amount from the date of filing.
Court costs: stamp fee, expert fees, attorney fees, translation costs.
Timeline: First instance 18–30 months. Appeal 12–18 months. Total: approximately 2.5–4 years. Urgent cases involving ongoing medical treatment may benefit from a provisional-measures request (ordonanță președințială) for partial payment pending final judgment.
Green Card Claims: Foreign Vehicles in Romania
Under the international Green Card system, every national motor bureau guarantees that victims of accidents caused by foreign-plated vehicles in its territory will receive local compensation without having to pursue the claim abroad.
In Romania, BAAR serves as both the handling bureau and the compensation body for Green Card incidents.
Procedure:
File the claim with BAAR (fpvs@baar.ro) in the standard manner, attaching the at-fault vehicle's Green Card (if available) or the foreign licence plate details.
BAAR contacts the at-fault driver's home bureau or insurer. The foreign entity has 2 months to confirm or deny coverage.
If coverage is confirmed: BAAR handles and pays the claim locally within 30 days, then recovers inter-bureau.
If coverage is denied or no response arrives within 2 months: BAAR assumes full handling responsibility and pays the victim directly.
Practical note: Accidents involving vehicles from non-EU countries without Green Card membership (though increasingly rare) fall outside this system. In such cases, the victim must pursue the at-fault driver directly under general civil-liability principles.
Position of Foreigners: Full Rights Without Residency
Romanian law draws no distinction between nationals and foreigners in the context of accident compensation. Whether you are an EU citizen driving through Romania on holiday, a non-EU truck driver in transit, or an expatriate resident — your rights are identical.
No Romanian bank account required. BAAR transfers to any IBAN (EU SEPA zone) or any SWIFT-reachable account globally.
No physical presence required. A lawyer with a power of attorney acts on your behalf throughout the claim and any court proceedings.
Medical treatment received abroad is reimbursable. If you were repatriated after the accident and received treatment in your home country, those costs are recoverable — provided you can establish the causal link through medical records that reference the accident.
Court proceedings can be conducted entirely through counsel. You need not travel to Romania for hearings. Written submissions and power-of-attorney representation are standard practice.
Strategic Recommendations
Verify AIDA immediately. Before deciding where to file, confirm whether the at-fault vehicle had valid RCA on the accident date. This single check determines whether your counterparty is BAAR, FGA, or a solvent insurer.
File within 72 hours if possible. While the statute of limitations is 3 years, filing early triggers the 30-day clock — and any delay in response by BAAR accrues penalties from day 31. Early filing also preserves evidence and creates a paper trail before memories fade and witnesses become unreachable.
Do not accept BAAR's first offer without independent valuation. BAAR's internal claims adjusters operate under the same commercial incentives as any insurer. In our experience, first offers in bodily-injury claims are typically 30–50 percent below what courts ultimately award. The 0.2-percent-per-day penalty means that BAAR pays significantly more if a court later rules against it — which creates genuine negotiating leverage.
Pursue the criminal track in parallel. For bodily-injury accidents involving uninsured drivers, the victim may file a criminal complaint against the driver under Article 196 of the Criminal Code (bodily harm) and Article 334 (driving without valid insurance). A criminal conviction strengthens the civil claim and suspends the limitation period.
Time the trauma-score assessment strategically. The assessment should occur after medical stabilisation — not prematurely. The CPP (permanent consequences) component often represents 60–80 percent of the total score. If the minimum wage is scheduled to increase (as in July 2026), obtaining the assessment after the effective date of the increase produces a higher per-point monetary value.
Preserve supplementation rights. Every initial claim letter should contain the express statement that the claimant reserves the right to supplement the claim once the full extent of damages is ascertained. This prevents any argument that the initial filing constitutes a ceiling on recovery.
BAAR vs. FGA vs. Insurer — Comparison at a Glance
Responsible entity — Solvent RCA Insurer. Trigger: valid policy exists with solvent insurer. Response deadline: 30 days. Penalty: 0.2%/day. Payment after acceptance: 10 days. Compensation ceiling: EUR 6.45M bodily, EUR 1.3M property.
Responsible entity — BAAR. Trigger: vehicle uninsured, or driver unidentified (hit-and-run, bodily injury only), or foreign Green Card vehicle. Response deadline: 30 days. Penalty: 0.2%/day. Payment after acceptance: 10 days. Compensation ceiling: identical to insurer.
Responsible entity — FGA. Trigger: valid policy existed but insurer is bankrupt. Response deadline: 3 months (Law 202/2025). Payment after approval: 3 months. Former cap of RON 500,000: abolished. Compensation ceiling: now identical to insurer (highest applicable RCA limit).
| Criterion | RCA Insurer | BAAR (FPVS) | FGA (Guarantee Fund) |
|---|---|---|---|
| When applicable | Valid RCA policy exists | Uninsured / Hit‑and‑run / Green Card | Insurer is bankrupt (CITY, Euroins, etc.) |
| Law 132/2017 Art. 10 (insurer), Art. 32‑35 (BAAR), Law 202/2025 (FGA). BAAR has a right of personal recovery (regress) against the uninsured driver. | |||
| Response deadline | 30 days Same | 30 days Same | 3 months Longer |
| FGA has a longer deadline (Law 202/2025) due to the volume of claims from bankrupt insurers — over 200,000 pending as of Dec 2024. | |||
| Late‑payment penalty | 0.2 %/day Same | 0.2 %/day Same | 0.2 %/day Same |
| Penalty runs from day 31 (insurer/BAAR) or after the 3‑month deadline (FGA). Rate = ~73 % per annum. Cannot be reduced by court. | |||
| Bodily injury limit | EUR 6.45 M | EUR 6.45 M | No cap (since Dec 2025) |
| Law 202/2025 removed the RON 500,000 cap that previously applied to FGA payments. Now: the higher of the insurer's policy limit or the legal minimum (EUR 6.45 M). | |||
| Property damage limit | EUR 1.3 M | EUR 1.3 M | No cap |
| Same logic: FGA pays the full assessed damage without the old EUR 100,000 cap. BAAR does not cover property‑only hit‑and‑run (see Scenario B exception). | |||
| Hit‑and‑run (property only) | N/A | NOT covered* | N/A |
| *Exception: property damage is recoverable from BAAR if the victim also sustained serious bodily injury requiring >90 days of medical care (Art. 33(2) Law 132/2017). | |||
| Contact | Insurer from AIDA | fpvs@baar.ro | fga.ro |
| BAAR postal: Str. Occidentului nr. 10, Sector 1, Bucharest. FGA: Calea Dorobanţilor nr. 44, Sector 1, Bucharest. Always send registered mail + email for proof of filing date. | |||
| Statute of limitations | 3 years Same | 3 years Same | 3 years Same |
| General prescriptive period: 3 years from the date of the accident (or from when the victim discovers the injury). Suspended during pending criminal proceedings (Art. 2532 Civil Code). | |||
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I claim from BAAR if the hit-and-run driver only damaged my car and nobody was injured?
No — with one exception. If the at-fault vehicle is unidentified and you suffered property damage only, BAAR does not compensate. The exclusion is a deliberate anti-fraud measure. However, if you also suffered serious bodily injury (more than 90 days of medical care), property damage is additionally covered. And if the vehicle is identified (licence plate captured) but uninsured, property damage is always covered.
How do I know whether to file with BAAR or FGA?
Enter the at-fault vehicle's licence plate in the AIDA database (aida.info.ro). If a valid policy existed at the accident date but the insurer is now bankrupt, file with FGA. If no policy existed, file with BAAR. If the driver is unidentified, file with BAAR.
Does BAAR pay less than a regular insurer?
No. The compensation limits, trauma-score methodology, and penalty regime are legally identical. The victim suffers no disadvantage because the at-fault driver was uninsured.
Can I file a BAAR claim from abroad without ever visiting Romania?
Yes. Appoint a Romanian lawyer via power of attorney. The lawyer handles the entire process — administrative and judicial — without your physical presence.
How long does it take BAAR to pay in practice?
Legally: 30 days to respond, then 10 days after acceptance. In practice: 2–4 months for property-only claims, 4–8 months for bodily-injury claims requiring trauma-score assessment. Exceeding the legal deadline triggers automatic penalties of 0.2% per day.
What if BAAR offers significantly less than my claim is worth?
You reject the offer and file a court action. Courts routinely award higher amounts than BAAR's initial offers, particularly for bodily-injury claims. The 0.2%/day penalty — accruing from day 31 — means BAAR faces substantial financial exposure for delay, creating genuine settlement pressure.
Does the uninsured at-fault driver face personal consequences?
Yes. BAAR, having paid you, is subrogated to your rights and pursues the driver for full personal recovery. Additionally, the driver faces administrative fines of RON 1,000–2,000 and potentially criminal prosecution (Article 334 Criminal Code — driving without valid insurance, particularly if combined with bodily harm).
Are passengers in the uninsured vehicle covered?
Yes. Passengers — other than the at-fault driver — are victims and claim from BAAR on identical terms. The driver at fault cannot claim for their own injuries.
What is the minimum amount I can claim from BAAR?
There is no statutory minimum. For property claims under RON 5,000, assess whether the administrative effort is proportionate. For bodily-injury claims, even relatively minor injuries producing 5–10 trauma points yield RON 40,500–86,500 in moral damages alone — well above the threshold of meaningful recovery.
What if the at-fault driver was driving a stolen vehicle?
If the vehicle is identified but stolen and uninsured, BAAR remains responsible. The original registered owner's potential civil liability is a separate matter that does not affect BAAR's guarantee obligation toward the victim.
This guide reflects Romanian law as of May 2026 (Law 132/2017, FSA Norm 20/2017, Law 202/2025, Order ASF/MS 1/2.293/2022, OUG 80/2013, Romanian Civil Code Art. 2210) and is prepared for general informational purposes. It does not constitute legal advice. The value and viability of any specific claim depend on facts — including injury severity, available evidence, and the identity of the at-fault party — that cannot be assessed through a public guide. Attorney-client privilege applies exclusively upon execution of a written engagement letter.
